build Systemd

#What is Systemd? systemd is a suite of basic building blocks for a Linux system. It provides a system and service manager that runs as PID 1 and starts the rest of the system.

for more see: http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/

/etc/sysctl.d/*.conf: a drop-in directory for kernel sysctl parameters, extending what you can already do with /etc/sysctl.conf.

See system boot up service sequence

man bootup

###build Systemd get source

https://github.com/systemd/systemd

REQUIREMENTS

https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/README

./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
(make install)

###Configuring kernel cmdline To test systemd before switching to it by default, you can add the following boot parameter to the kernel:

init=/bin/systemd

This can be done in the grub menu for a single boot - press “e” in the grub menu and add this to the kernel line. For example, depending on the options required for your particular system, it might look something like:

linux   /vmlinuz-3.13-1-amd64 root=/dev/mapper/root-root init=/bin/systemd ro quiet

###troubleshooting Error: ./autogen.sh: 31: ./autogen.sh: intltoolize: not found

read REQUIREMENTS

and run apt-get install intltool

when ./configure

Error: libmount support required but libraries not found

obtain util-linux

git clone https://github.com/karelzak/util-linux.git

cd util-linux
./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
sudo make install

and then check the libmount version:

cat /usr/local/include/libmount/libmount.h | grep "VERSION"

make sure the version is higher than 2.27 that systemd requires.

Error:

ValueError: failed to process ./man/busctl.xml
make[2]: *** [man/systemd.directives.xml] Error 1
make[2]: *** Deleting file `man/systemd.directives.xml'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2

run

sudo apt-get install xsltproc

sudo apt-get install docbook-xsl

and re-try.

###extra How to check Kernel command line parameters/options?

# cat /proc/cmdline

###systemd-nspawn systemd-nspawn is part of Systemd

Spawn a namespace container for debugging, testing and building

The systemd project needed a way to run inside of containers or virtual machines, but wanted a simple tool that was more like chroot than either LXC or libvirt LXC. Enter systemd-nspawn.

It is targeted at “building, testing, debugging, and profiling”, not at deployment.

####Spawn a shell in a container of a minimal Debian unstable distribution

# debootstrap --arch=amd64 unstable ~/debian-tree/ http://mirrors.163.com/debian/
# systemd-nspawn -D ~/debian-tree/

This installs a minimal Debian unstable distribution into the directory ~/debian-tree/ and then spawns a shell in a namespace container in it.

then set password for root account

passwd root
ctrl+] 3 times

setting network:

cd ~/debian-tree/
vi etc/resolv.conf
    nameserver 8.8.8.8

using this command to boot OS in container (using default network same with host)

# systemd-nspawn -bD ~/debian-tree/

https://lwn.net/Articles/572957/

###systemd-networkd Config the network using systemd-networkd

$ systemctl enable systemd-resolved
$ systemctl start systemd-resolved
$ systemctl enable systemd-networkd
$ systemctl start systemd-networkd
$ rm /etc/resolv.conf
$ ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
$ sudo mkdir /etc/systemd/network

####using static IP

$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network

[Match]
Name=eth0

[Network]
Address=192.168.159.150/24
Gateway=192.168.159.255

####for more network config http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html https://linux.cn/article-6629-1.html

####compatibility with SysVinit For this reason, we should delete eth0 in /etc/network/interfaces in order to use systemd-networkd, otherwise it will using /etc/network/interfaces configure eth0

cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
#allow-hotplug eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
#------
#auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet static
#    address 192.168.159.159
#    netmask 255.255.255.0
#    gateway 192.168.159.255

####FAQ Q: Why my change the network config and it doesn’t change of command ifconfig or ip a

A: try systemctl restart systemd-networkd and systemctl restart systemd-resolved, finally use reboot

Q: Both /etc/network/interfaces and /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network configured the eth0, which config will be used ?

A: /etc/network/interfaces will recover the /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network

###Reference

http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/bootup.html

http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/systemd/index.html

https://wiki.debian.org/systemd

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